Vitamin C
Antioxidant vitaminINCI · Ascorbic Acid / ascorbyl derivatives
What it is
A water-soluble antioxidant vitamin used topically to brighten and defend. Pure ascorbic acid is the most-studied form; stabilised derivatives trade a little potency for shelf stability.
How it behaves
Neutralises free radicals generated by UV and pollution, participates in the skin's own collagen-supporting pathways, and interrupts steps of melanin formation — which is why consistent use is associated with a more even, luminous tone.
Evidence · One of the most extensively studied topical antioxidants.
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